instruct的各种词性（英语词性转换规律，还有名词什么时候动词词尾加-ing动词+tion变名词等等，越详细越好，因为我不太会）

本文目录

• 英语词性转换规律，还有名词什么时候动词词尾加-ing动词+tion变名词等等，越详细越好，因为我不太会
• education和instruct的区别
• 英语中动词的词性怎么

英语词性转换规律，还有名词什么时候动词词尾加-ing动词+tion变名词等等，越详细越好，因为我不太会

1.动词(v.)→名词(n.)
(a)词形不变,词性改变
例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).

(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词
例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer,
jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,
visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.
注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.
例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.
2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er
例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.

(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词
例如:achieve—achievement (成就) advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)
agree—agreement disgree—disagreement
amuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)
commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development (发展)
depart—department (局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府)
manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (装备)
有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argue—argument(争论)

(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词
例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction; invent—invention
discuss—discussion; express—expression
educate—education; graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion")
compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion")
decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加"ion")
describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)

(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词
例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现)
perform—performance (演出)
accept—acceptance (接受)

(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)
例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting
bathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaning
end —ending train —training wash—washing
注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing
如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning

(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化
例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)—behavior
know(知道)—knowledge(知识) fly—flight (飞行)
heat (加热)—heat(热量) hit (撞击)—hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)
mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) press(按,压)—pressure(压力)
sit(坐)—seat (座位) succeed—success(成功)
tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)
2.动词(v.)→形容词(adj.)
(a)动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.
例如: afford－affordable；
love－lovable

(b)动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点.
例如: scatter－scattered
use－used

(c)不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b).
3.名词(n.)→形容词(adj.)
(a)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)
例如: rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy,
health—healthy, luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty(内疚的)
tourist—touristy(游客多的) , salt (盐)—salty (咸的)
silk(丝绸)—silky(丝绸般的), sleep—sleepy (昏昏欲睡的)
注意:1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".
如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy(有雾的), fur—furry(毛皮的)
2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y".
如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny(发亮的), taste(口味)—tasty(甜的)

(b)名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.
例如: spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的); talent—talented (有天赋的)
organize—organized 有组织的; balance—balanced(平衡的)

(c)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词
例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful,
use—useful, meaning—meaningful

(d)在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词
例如:care—careless(粗心的), use—useless(无用的)
hope—hopeless(没希望的)，home—homeless(无家可归的)

(e)一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词
例如: difference—different, silence—silent, confidence—confident

(f).在名词后加-ly变为形容词
例如: friend—friendly, love—lovely, live---lively

(g).在名词后加-ous变为形容词
例如: danger—dangerous

(h)名词后面加-al变为形容词
例如: music—musical; medicine—medical (这个比较特殊)

(i)名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加"-able".
例如: adjust—adjustable 可调整的
value—valuable有价值的

(j)名词后面加-en变成形容词
例如: wood—wooden 木制的
wool—woolen 羊毛的

(k)一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍,语言的形容词
例如:China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English,
America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian
(注意Canada—Canadian)
4..形容词(adj.)→副词(adv.)
▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词
例如: quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等
但是,以下几点值得注意：
(a) 一些以"辅音字母+y"结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly
例如: happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily

(b) 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y
例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly

(c)少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly
例如: true—truly
但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly 例如: polite—politely, wide—widely
(d)以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y.
例如: usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully
full—fully (以-ll结尾的才只加y)
OK,以上就是英语单词词性变化的一般规律,希望对大家有所帮助 :p
PS:有些同学可能对元音辅音以及重读闭音节不是很了解,那我在这里再做下补充说明.

1.英语26个字母中,a e i o u是元音字母, y是半元音字母, 其余都是辅音字母.
★所谓半元音就是有时候做元音,有时候做辅音.
半元音字母y做元音有: shy，sky
做辅音比如最简单的：yes

2.开音节和闭音节

开音节分两种:绝对开音节和相对开音节

绝对开音节指的是"元音字母结尾"的音节 (例如 we, hi等)
相对开音节是指"辅音字母-元音字母-辅音字母-不发音的e"的音节,(r除外). ( 例如,take,make等)
比如:take (在这个单词中,t是辅音,a是元音,k是辅音,e是不发音的元音)
◆在开音节中, 元音字母发他们在字母表中的音
闭音节, 则是指"辅音字母-元音字母-辅音字母"的音节 ( -al等除外) (例如:leg,cross等)
◆在闭音节中,元音字母发不同的音
a e i o u
例 sat let sit not nut (试着读下这些单词,这些单词中,元音发的音都不是它们在字母表中发的音)
2.英语重读闭音节就是以辅音因素结尾的,而且是重读音节的音节.
比如apple 划音节就因该是ap/ple 前面那个ap是一个音节,这个音节以辅音因素p结尾,所以就是闭音节.(仅仅能看出是闭音节,是不是重读闭音节还要看这个音节是不是重读的)
重读闭音节三要素:
1. 必须是重读音节；
2. 最后只有一个辅音字母；
3.元音字母发短元音 ( 说通俗点,打个比方, /u/是短元音,/u:/是长元音)
重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.
如:sit---sitting
begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上)
●像travel这个单词,"vel"也是"辅音+元音+辅音"的结构,但是重音不在vel这个音节上,所以不用双写"l",可以为travelled,也可以是traveled,更常用的是后者.

education和instruct的区别

education和instruct的区别是词性不同
具体单词词义如下:
education
n. 教育; 培养; 教育学; 训练;
instruct
vt. 通知; 命令; 教，讲授; 教导，指导;

英语中动词的词性怎么

.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or: A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder,thrill _ thrillerB. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorerdance _ dancerC. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, traval _ travallerD. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor2. 在词尾加ing:build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,swim _ swimming， skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing， surf _ surfing, paint _ painting3.在词尾加ion 或去e加ion:A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,celebrate _ celebration,pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decorationgraduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration,pollute _ pollutioncontribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education，organize _ orgnization,donate _ donation,appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitationB. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attractionimpress _ impression,inject _ injection,instruct _ instruction4.其它：know _ knowledge, please _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment,practise _ practice， die _ death, succeed _ success, weigh _ weight,sit _ deat, change _ chance，enter _ entrance,fly _ flight,rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery，faile _ failure,appear _ appearance,breathe _ breath 动词变形容词小结1.词尾加ful:use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful,thank - thankfulpeace - peaceful, forget - forgetful, play - playful,succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful2.词尾加d或ed:please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited,surprise - surprised, organize - organized, close - closed,wound - wounded, relax - relaxed,develop - developed,appreciate - appreciated,frustrate - frustrated,interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used,frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled,pollute - polluted3.词尾加ing:interest - interesting, surprise - surprising, excite - excitingdevelop - developing, frighten - frightening,thrill - thyrillingfrustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing, live - livingrock - rocking, sleep - sleeping4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry - worried, marry - married,fry - fried, terrify - terrifiedsatisfy - satisfied5.词尾加able:know - knowledgeable, enjoy - enjoyabe,suit - suitableadjust - adjustable, comfort - comfortable6.其它：lose - lost, fool - foolish, live - lively / alive /living,sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep,wake - awake, taste - tastyspeak - spoken, break - broken, die - dead, educate - aducational,world - worldwide